Aiming at the problem of large amount of global illumination calculation for large-scale scene rendering, a global illumination calculation algorithm based on improved voxel cone filter tracking was proposed. Firstly, the cascading texture structure was used to improve the simple voxel structure, realizing fast and efficient storage of scene illumination information filtered anisotropically, so as to reduce the memory cost. Then, the direct illumination attenuation was calculated based on normal weighted accumulation in order to alleviate the problem of normal consistency. Finally, the cone filter was improved by the cascading texture structure, which realized the dynamic voxel search and avoided the traversal of the entire storage structure, and the effective calculation of global illumination was achieved. The experimental results show that, the improved algorithm can reduce the memory footprint and improve the rendering speed while maintaining the similar rendering effect to that of the classic voxel cone tracking algorithm.